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tomatoes

Gardening Video: Tomatoes, Tomatoes, Tomatoes!

March 22, 2022

Gardening in the Mountains presents:
Tomatoes, Tomatoes, Tomatoes!

Tomatoes ripening on the vine_Todd Heft_CC BY-NC 2.0_Flickr
Tomatoes ripening on the vine

As we plan our summer gardens, the challenges of growing tomatoes here in Western North Carolina come to mind.  In our newest video, Master Gardener Phil Roudebush will help us maximize our yields of these luscious fruits.  He will talk about tomato varieties and how to successfully control diseases through cultural practices and appropriate chemical usage.  Phil has years of experience with tomatoes and you are sure to learn something new.

Tomatoes, Tomatoes, Tomatoes!

Or go to www.buncombemastergardener.org , click on the ‘Gardening Videos’ tab at the top of the page, and select the video from the list provided.

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Categories General Gardening, Vegetables & Fruits Tags tomatoes, vegetable gardens

Vegetable Gardening: Harvesting Tips!

July 12, 2021

Your vegetable garden is likely approaching peak production time—but when and how to harvest? Even if you are a pro, here’s how to make sure those caring for your precious crops while you’re away know when to pick!

What matters about harvest time?

  • Harvest stage affects flavor and yields:
    • Picking too soon not only reduces the amount of food your garden produces but also may mean missing that perfectly ripened taste—although not all vegetables lose flavor after picking.
    • Waiting too long definitely means missing the best flavor—think sweet corn turned starchy—and your produce actually spoils. Crops literally go to seed have accomplished their goal and will stop producing!
  • Factors that affect harvest and storage.
    • Warmer temperatures after picking can affect flavor—crops like peas and sweet corn that turn starchy, for example, need immediate cooling. Joseph Masabni of Texas A&M Extension, advises “harvest these vegetables early in the morning or right before you intend to use them.”
    • Not all crops benefit from refrigeration, however! And humidity levels and air circulation are important, too! If you’re not going to use your bounty immediately, some crops, such as garlic, dry onions, potatoes, and tomatoes are best stored only at room temperature, according to UC-Davis Post Harvest Technology specialists (see below). They also recommend that cucumbers, eggplants, and peppers be refrigerated only for 1 to 3 days and then used as soon as you remove them from the cold.
    • Advise those harvesting in your absence how often you check your crops, and which are most time-sensitive!

 Things to look for when you harvest

Harvesting takes more time than you’d expect—look carefully for items to pick amongst all those leaves and vines. This makes harvesting a great time to give your garden plants a quick check-up!

  • Size matters!
    • Jokes abound about baseball-bat-size zucchini, but squash aren’t the only crops that can grow out of useful size.
    • If you intend to eat fresh beans rather than saving them to use dry, the beans need to just start to fill out their pods.

      These red noodle beans need picking!
  • Color changes are usually important, too.
    • Tomatoes turning red are an obvious example, but how red is the best time for picking? Maybe earlier than you think! Picking at the “breaker” stage rather than fully red means your tomatoes will continue to ripen indoors, taste vine-ripened, but won’t suffer sunscald, or damage from insects or birds.

      Tomatoes will develop full flavor ripened indoors if picked once they begin to show some color.
    • Cucumbers should still be uniformly green, not starting to yellow.

      Cucumbers are best picked green rather than starting to yellow.
    •  Eggplants should be purple (light or dark depending on the variety), but still glossy, not dull

      Pick eggplants while the skin is still glossy.
    • Watermelons, on the other hand, should develop a duller, rougher surface and the spot touching the ground should be yellowing, not white

      Ripe watermelon skin should be starting to dull and roughen and the ground spot turning yellow.
    • .Detecting defects may mean removing fruits before they take any more resources from the plant—think blossom-end rot on tomatoes or peppers—or harvesting while part of the crop is still salvageable—such as a nip out of an otherwise healthy tomato.
    • Damage may alert you to insect infestations—minimize or eliminate, by hand-picking the culprits—such as snails or slugs—or treating to prevent further damage—wash away aphids on greens or treating pickleworm infestations of cucumbers and squash with pesticides, for example. Learn which “bugs” you see are pests and which are helpful predators!
    • Harvest “helpers” will be more eager to volunteer if they pick at the right time—and you won’t find all your tomatoes gone despite their size or plants loaded with overripe items bringing production to a halt. Alerting you to any emerging problems is another bonus.

“Harvesting” spent plants?

While picking your crops pick off dead leaves, spent blossoms, and trim errant runners to keep plants looking good and productive. Knowledgeable helpers can perform these tasks.

In WNC, most vegetable garden plants are annuals, or treated as such, so when you harvest, evaluate when it’s time to pull the whole plant—it may be too risky to ask short-term caregivers to make this decision!

  • Is the plant diseased? If there are signs of disease, either do what you can to remove diseased portions, treat the problem, or remove the entire plant.
  • Is production slowing?
    • Review fertilizing or watering practices to improve yields. Most crops need an inch of rain a week to prosper—water established plants deeply once a week if rains are insufficient. Check your crops’ needs for fertilizer and the application rates recommended for the fertilizers you are using.
    • Extreme temperatures may interfere with fruit set or how your crops ripen. Be patient if better weather will solve the problem! Note, though, that spring crops that fade with high temperatures are long gone; so too, frosts will damage tender crops, so harvest these before freezing temperatures.
    • Once you’ve decided your plants have passed peak production, pull the plants and consider planting a fall crop. See the calendar below for all the crops you can plant in August for a bountiful autumn harvest!

 Article by Buncombe County Extension Master GardenerSM Volunteers

 For more information:

When to harvest specific crops: https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/extension-gardener-handbook/16-vegetable-gardening#vegetableharvestingguidelines

https://agrilifeextension.tamu.edu/library/gardening/harvesting-handling-vegetables-garden/

Ripening after harvest:

https://gardenprofessors.com/ripening/

https://www.johnson.k-state.edu/lawn-garden/agent-articles/vegetables/harvest-ripen-tomatoes.html

Storing produce:

http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/files/230110.pdf

Planting times for WNC:

https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/western-north-carolina-planting-calendar-for-annual-vegetables-fruits-and-herbs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Categories Vegetables & Fruits Tags beans, cucumbers, eggplant, Harvest, squash, tomatoes, vegetable gardens, watermelon

Warm Season Vegetables: Just Because They Are for Sale Does NOT Mean it is Time to Plant Them!

April 25, 2019

In late April, walking through the garden section of many stores you’ll see tomato, pepper, squash, and cucumber plants for sale. Does this mean it is safe to plant them now?

Freeze Dates: Data on last spring freeze dates in Western North Carolina are critical to the survival of the warm season plants. In this region of the state, tomatoes, peppers—and often cucumbers and squash—are grown from transplants, not direct seeding.  Immediately after planting, they are exposed to the see-sawing air temperature fluctuations that occur during this time of year.

Frosted Leaves

The dates after which there is only a 10 percent chance of a spring freeze (32° F) based on data collected by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1981-2010 for selected locations in Buncombe County Western North Carolina are:

Downtown Asheville          April 27

Asheville Airport                 May 4

Fletcher                               May 7

Black Mountain                  May 11

Swannanoa                        May 12

Bent Creek                         May 13

To be safe, then, Buncombe County Extension Master GardenersSM recommend not planting these crops in the ground until Mother’s Day each year. For your specific location and the weather forecast for any particular year, you may choose to plant earlier or later!

If you do choose to transplant earlier, be prepared to provide some type of frost protection when the temperature is expected to go below 36° F.  Techniques for frost protection include covering growing beds or rows with a floating row cover (supported by stakes or wire to keep the material from directly touching the plants). Protect individual plants with plastic milk jugs with the bottoms removed, paper caps, or water-holding walls.

Floating row cover tunnel_Carol Jacobs-Carre_CC BY-NC-ND 2.0_Flickr
Floating row cover

We also recommend “hardening-off” to toughen up your plants before putting them into the ground. Gently stroking your plants a few seconds every day while they are still indoors is helpful. Starting about seven days before you intend to plant, on warm days place your transplants—while still in their growing containers—in the general vicinity of the garden in a protected area to expose them to your intended growing conditions. This is especially important for any plants grown under greenhouse conditions.  You will need to make sure they have adequate water and bring them indoors at night to ensure their survival.

Article by Bob Wardwell, Extension Master GardenerSM Volunteer

Learn more:

Hardening off

https://polk.ces.ncsu.edu/2019/03/simple-but-necessary-hardening-off-vegetable-seedlings/

Western North Carolina Planting Calendar for annual vegetables

https://extensiongardener.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/NC-Vegetable-Planting-Guide-1.pdf?fwd=no

US Normals Data (1981-2010) for Buncombe County Weather Stations:

https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/orders/cdo/1712624.pdf

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Categories Vegetables & Fruits Tags freeze, garden planning, tomatoes, vegetable gardens

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